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30 января в школе в Иголоми совершилась встреча польской молодёжи с историей польско-русских отношений на иголомской земле. С докладами выступили учителя – Уршула Домино,Марцин Коценяк и старший лейтенант - Станислав Стемпа. Цикл лекций был связан с реализацией международного проекта „Где сердце твоё?- Там богатство твоё!- Азбука обучения общества” в рамках гранта программы
„Преобразование в регионе- Рита”финансированного фондом ПАФС.
Январское восстание 1863 г.
Объявление рекрутского набора послужило сигналом к открытому восстанию, которое продолжалось 16 месяцев, а началось в 1863г. Множество информации, касающихся русских воздействий оказываемых на иголомскую землю, относится к периоду январского восстания. Здесь в Иголоми, Победнике и посёлке Чернихов произошло столкновение с русскими отрядами. Это была партизанская война. В хрониках существуют упоминания о таких фактах как окружение повстанцев русскими войсками в Иголоми,о скрытом пребывании повстанцев в Дворце в Иголоми и потерпению поражения во время военных действий. В память этим событиям на иголомском кладбище находится могила неизвестного солдата.
Первая Мировая Война
Подавление Январского восстания дало толчок к развёртыванию политики ликвидации автономии и более тесной интеграции Польши в состав Российской империи. Иголомская земля вошла под влияние русской власти после раздела. Граница раздела Польши проходила в поселке Цло. Во время первой мировой войны иголомская земля стала свидетелем столкновения русско- австрийских войск.
О всех событиях относившихся к этому периоду можно прочитать по- английски на нашем сайте. Весь материал подготовили выше упомянутые докладчики.
On the 30-th of January a series of lectures titled "A Pole, a Russian and a history" was presented in the Primary School in Igołomia. It was devoted to the Russian influence on Igołomia's history. The lectures were lead by the history teachers who work in the Primary and Grammar School in Igołomia - Mrs Urszula Domino and Mr Marcin Koceniak.
We acquired a lot of information from Mr. Stanisław Stępa, who told us his private story and about his ancestors who fought during the January Insurrection in 1863. The series of lectures were organised as the first topic of Polish-Russian project named: "Where is your heart - there is your treasure", which is realised from the obtained grant: "The transformation of the region - RITA", subsidized by Polish and American Freedom Foundation.
The most important information concerning Russian influence on Igołomia is gained from historical facts and documents left after insurrections and wars. The Russians played the major role in Igołomia's history during the January Insurrection. There were some skirmishes with Russian army near Pobiednik, Czernichów and Igołomia. In March 1863 the remnants of the dictator Langiewicz's army, chased by the Russian military, took shelter in the palace which is still preserved in Igołomia. It was not a safe hiding place. Polish soldiers were surrounded and smashed. Many soldiers were killed or took captive.
The next episode of January Insurrection was in May of this same year. The unit, which was commanded by Malczewski, pitched the camp in Igołomia, but soon was surrounded by the Russian soldiers who seized Pobiednik and cut off the polish uprisers from the border cordon. Malczewski had to pull out his soldiers from Igołomia and connected with the rest of the Polish army in Pobiednik.
The biggest skirmish was on the 15th of August. The unit stationed at the hill near Czernichów was attacked by two units of infantry and one unit of cavalry. The battle lasted more than two hours. Finally the Polish unit lost some soldiers - some were killed and some were injured - so it pulled out to small wood near Czernichów for fear of being surrounding by the Russian. There are some graves at the Igolomia cemetery from this time. They are in the care of schoolchildren from Igołomia. The place of the Russian soldiers' graves is unknown.
Igołomia and its neighbourhood were occupied by Russia. There were many restrictions on using Polish language in offices and schools. There were not similar issues in Austria's occupation; Austrian authorities were much more lenient. The border between Austrian and Russian occupation ran along today's villages: Wolica, Cło, Kościelniki. In the place called Cło, at the road from Krakow to Sandomierz, there was a duty chamber, which was recently demolished.
The location of Igołomia contributed to the next events in which fates of many Poles and Russian were plated, fates of simple people who became entangled in the cogs of the political machine, not known or understood by them to the end, people who were doomed to everlasting wandering, being unsure of the next day.
Mr. Koceniak, a history teacher, told us about events in the period of the "Big War". The hostilities between Russian and Austrian army started soon after the outbreak of war. Austrian troops stationed in Kraków quickly displaced the rest of 13th bordering Russian army outside the line of the Szreniawa river. The Russian army regularly shelling at the Austrian positions in Igołomia and Wawrzeńczyce caused huge destructions in both villages. The churches in Igołomia and Wawrzenczyce were burned down then. The Kozaks' units and Russian infantry made many outings at those grounds. The Austrian artillery, placed behind the villages' buildings along the road to Sandomierz, repaid Russians for their enemy fire. During hand-to-hand fight that issued later many soldiers on both sides were killed. They left collective graves scattered at fields and villages of this region.
There are lots of soldiers' graves from the days of the Ist world war, which origin is unknown. In Igołomia we have two such burial places - one is on the fringe of the cemetery, the second in the surrounding fields. Probably there are soldiers buried from both armies who were killed during the skirmishes in this area. These graves have always been attended with a due care by the villagers. Now this role has been taken over by the pupils from our school. On one of the graves there is a special monument devoted to all unknown soldiers killed on the foreign grounds.
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